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http://agathe.gr/democracy/democracy.html Introduction Classical Athens saw the rise of an achievement unparalleled in history. Perikles, Aischylos, Sophokles, Plato, Demosthenes, and Praxiteles represent just a few of the statesmen and philosophers, ... The Athenian Agora c. 500 B.C. Model by Petros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias, Athens, Agora Museum. ... The Athenian Agora c. 400 B.C. Model by Fetros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias, Athens, Agora Museum. ... The model of the Agora in 400 B.C. shows the civic center at a time when Athens had provided herself with all the public buildings necessary for the functioning of the fully developed democratic system. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/administration_and_bureaucracy.html Administration and Bureaucracy The economy of Athens was supervised by numerous boards of officials in charge of the mint, the marketplace, weights and measures, and the grain and water supplies. Most ... X 0.034 m. Athens, Agora Museum B 495, 492, 497. ... H.: 0. 09 m. Athens, Agora Museum B 1082. ... Athens, Agora Museum. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/practice_of_ostracism.html Ostracism Soon after their victory over the Persians at the battle of Marathon in 490 B.C., the Athenians began the practice of ostracism, a form of election designed to curb the power of any rising tyrant ... Max. dim.: 0.11 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 14490. ... Max. dim.: 0.073 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 6107. ... Max. dim.: 0.07 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 16755. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/sokrates.html Sokrates The philosopher Sokrates was one of many Athenians critical of the people and their control over affairs of state. His probing public debates with fellow citizens led to his trial for impiety ... D.: 0.015-0.025 m. Athens, Agora Museum BI 738. ... L. of shafts: 0.015 m. Athens, Agora Museum IL 1361. ... D.: 0.073 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 22998. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_athenian_aristocracy.html The Athenian Aristocracy Before democracy, from the 8th to the 6th century B.C., Athens was prosperous economically but no more significant than many other city-states in Greece. Silver deposits south ... H.: 0.26 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 24673. ... L.: 0.065 m. Athens, Agora Museum J 148. ... L.: 0.004 m. Athens, Agora Museum G 587-S91, J 149. |
http://agathe.gr/guide/history_of_the_agora.html History of the Agora The excavations of the Athenian Agora have uncovered about thirty acres on the sloping ground northwest of the Acropolis (Fig. 3). Material of all periods from the Late Neolithic to ... History of the Agora The excavations of the Athenian Agora have uncovered about thirty acres on the sloping ground northwest of the Acropolis (Fig. 3). ... Panorama of the Agora viewed from the south, with the Hephaisteion (Theseion) at left and the restored Stoa of Attalos (museum) at right. ... The rise of Alexander of Macedon eclipsed Athens politically and the 3rd century B.C. saw Athens dominated by his successors. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_prytaneis.html The Prytaneis (Executive Committee) The senators administered their meetings themselves. Each tribal contingent in the Boule served in rotation for a period of 35 or 36 days as the Prytaneis, or Executive ... Model by Petros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias. Athens, Agora Museum. ... H.: 0.133m. Athens, Agora Museum P 13429. ... H.: 0.286 m. Athens, Agora Museum S 834. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_athenian_army.html The Athenian Army From the very beginning, the Athenians were compelled to fight for their new democracy. Their dramatic victories over the Boiotians and Chalkidians in 506 B.C. led many to attribute Athenian ... : 0.12 7 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 15837. ... H.: 0.138 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 24061. ... L.: 0.073 m. Athens, Agora Museum IL 1563. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/theater.html Theater Western drama was an Athenian invention which developed late in the 6th century B.C. out of the festivals celebrated in honor of the god Dionysos. Originally held in the Agora, the plays were soon ... H.: 0.27 m. Athens, Agora Museum T 478. ... L.: 0.08 m. Athens, Agora Museum T 2404. ... H.: 0.067 m. Athens, Agora Museum T 2059. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/women.html The Unenfranchised I - Women Numerous people resident in Athens and Attica had little part in the political life of the state. Most glaring by modern standards was the exclusion of women, although a similar ... The Unenfranchised I - Women Numerous people resident in Athens and Attica had little part in the political life of the state. ... H.: 0.055 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 23133. ... H.: O.O57 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 29766. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_boule.html The Boule (The Senate) The Athenian legislature also included a deliberative body known as the Boule. It was made up of 500 members -- 50 from each of the 10 tribes -- who were chosen by lot and served ... Model by Fetros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias. Athens, Agora Museum. ... L.: 0.235 m. Athens, Agora Museum I 4869. ... Drawing by Richard Anderson. Agora Museum Archives. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/overthrow_and_revolution.html Overthrow and Revolution In 514 B.C. the tyrant Hipparchos was stabbed to death. The murder, actually the result of a love feud, was quickly deemed a political act of assassination and the perpetrators, ... L.: 0.323 m. Athens, Agora Museum I 3872. ... Iron spearhead L.: 0.215 m. Athens, Agora Museum IL 1057. ... L.: 0.216 m. Athens, Agora Museum B 1373. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/marble_stele.html Law Against Tyranny In 338 B.C. Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander defeated the Athenians and other Greek states in a battle at Chaironeia in central Greece. In the following year (337/6 B.C.) ... The decree was written up on a marble stele capped with a handsome relief showing Democracy crowning the seated Demos (people) of Athens. Stele with a relief showing Democracy crowning Demos (the people of Athens), ca. 337 B.C. Athens, Agora Museum, I 6524. ... It shall not be permitted for anyone of the Councillors of the Council from the Areopagos [Supreme Court] - if the Demos or the democracy in Athens having been overthrown - to go up into the Areopagos or sit in the Council or deliberate about anything. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/solon_the_lawgiver.html Solon the Lawgiver By the early 6th century B.C. social tensions in Athens had become acute, pitting the poorer citizens against rich and powerful landowners. Many citizens were reduced to the status of ... H.: 0.253 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 27646. ... H.: 0.16 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 5061. ... Preserved L.: 0.127 m. Athens, Agora Museum IL 1287. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/state_religion.html State Religion: The Archon Basileus There was no attempt in Classical Athens to separate church and state. Altars and shrines were intermingled with the public areas and buildings of the city. A single ... H.: 0.097 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 42. ... Model by Fetros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias. Athens, Agora Museum. ... L.: 3.0 m. Athens, Agora excavations. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/tyranny.html Tyranny As happened in many other Greek states, a tyrant arose in Athens in the 6th century B.C. His name was Peisistratos, and after several unsuccessful attempts he seized power in 546 B.C. and ruled ... W.: 0.195 m. Athens, Agora Museum I 4120. ... Model by Petros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias, Athens, Agora Museum. ... H.: 0.265 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 24106. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_ekklesia.html The Ekklesia (Citizens' Assembly) All Athenian citizens had the right to attend and vote in the Ekklesia, a full popular assembly which met about every 10 days. All decrees (psephismata) were ratified ... Mammelis. Athens, Agora Museum. ... The second phase is dated to about 404/3 B.C., a time after the Peloponnesian War, when the democracy was abolished and Athens was under the control of the Thirty Tyrants, installed by Sparta. ... D.: 0.015-0.023 m. Athens, Agora Museum IL 656, 819, 893, 944, 1146, 1173, 1233. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_popular_courts.html The Popular Courts The popular courts, with juries of no fewer than 201 jurors and as many as 2,500, heard a variety of cases. The courts also had an important constitutional role in wielding ultimate ... Some certainly lay near the Agora and the association is ridiculed by the 4th century B.C. comic poet Euboulos: You will find everything sold together in the same place at Athens-figs, summoners, bunches of grapes, pears, apples, witnesses, roses, loquats, haggis, honeycombs, chickpeas, lawsuits, milk, myrtle, allotment machines, hyacinth, lambs, waterclocks, laws, indictments. ... L. of fragment: 0.113 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 28470. ... We can infer that the evidence in this pot was used not only at public arbitration but at the trial as well. Pot. Athens, Agora Museum P 14655. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/sources_and_documents.html Sources and Documents Our understanding of the workings and history of Athenian democracy comes from a variety of sources. Most useful, perhaps, are the ancient literary texts that survive, many of which ... Archaeological discoveries in the Athenian Agora have done much to confirm and illuminate his descriptions. ... L.: 0.067-0.127 m. Athens, Agora Museum B 1292, 705, 707. ... Some 7,500 inscriptions have been found in the Agora excavations, and over 10,000 more come from other areas of Athens and Attica. |
http://agathe.gr/overview/funding_the_excavations.html Funding the Excavations The excavations began in the 1930's with the substantial support of John D. Rockefeller, who also funded the reconstruction of the Stoa of Attalos (1953-1956) to serve as the site ... Rockefeller, who also funded the reconstruction of the Stoa of Attalos (1953-1956) to serve as the site museum. In recent years the work has been supported by the David and Lucile Packard foundation and the Packard Humanities Institute. ... Financial support from the private sector on such a scale is a reliable indicator of the understanding and appreciation by many Americans of their debt to ancient Greek society - and particularly Athens - in the formation of their own political values and way of life. ... Should you wish to support any aspect of work at the Agora, please contact: Athenian Agora Excavations The American School of Classical Studies at Athens 54 Souidias GR 106 76 Athens Greece Telephone: +30-10-3310963 Fax: +30 210-331-0964 |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_jury.html The Jury The jurors for each trial were chosen from a large body of citizens available for jury duty for the period of one year. At the beginning of the year, each juror was given a bronze pinakion, a ... : 0.102 m. Athens, Agora Museum B 822. ... Reconstruction drawing of the jury-allotment device (kleroterion). Agora Museum Archives. ... D.: 0.015-0.023 m. Athens, Agora Museum IL 656, 819, 893, 944, 1146, 1173, 1233. |
http://agathe.gr/publications/guide_books.html Guide Books In a newly revised version of this popular site guide, the current director of excavations in the Athenian Agora gives a brief account of the history of the ancient center of Athens. The text ... Guide Books In a newly revised version of this popular site guide, the current director of excavations in the Athenian Agora gives a brief account of the history of the ancient center of Athens. ... The Athenian Agora:A Short Guide in Color Author: Camp, J.Publication Date: 2003ISBN: 0876616430Picture Book: 16 In a newly revised version of this popular site guide, the current director of excavations in the Athenian Agora gives a brief account of the history of the ancient center of Athens. ... Online Version | Google Books | English PDF | Greek PDF | Buy Online | Search for Items Inside The Athenian Agora:A Guide to the Excavations and Museum Authors: Camp, J., Mauzy, C.Publication Dates: 1954, 1962, 1976, 1990, 2009ISBN: 0876616570 In 2006 it will be 75 years since excavations by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens started in the ancient agora. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/political_organization_of_attica.html Political Organization of Attica: Demes and Tribal Representation Each tribe was divided into three parts, and each third (trittys) was from one of the three regions of Attica, plain, coast, or hills ... : 0. 03 m. Athens Agora Museum MC 820-822. ... H.: 0.275 m. Athens, Agora Museum I 7030. |
http://agathe.gr/publications/picture_books.html Picture Books The Athenian Agora Picture Book series, started in 1951, aims to make information about life in the ancient commercial and political center of Athens available to a wide audience. Each booklet ... Picture Books The Athenian Agora Picture Book series, started in 1951, aims to make information about life in the ancient commercial and political center of Athens available to a wide audience. ... The texts are illustrated with material from the Agora excavations, much of which is either on display at the site or in the museum. ... Pots and Pans of Classical Athens Authors: Sparkes, B., Talcott, L.Publication Date: 1958ISBN: 0876616015Picture Book: 1 By mingling images on well-preserved Greek vases with the more fragmentary ceramics recovered during excavations at the Agora, the authors show how different vessel forms were used in Classical Athens. |
http://agathe.gr/guide/history_of_the_excavations.html History of the Excavations Some of the Agora monuments have never been fully buried and were explored by the Archaeological Society starting in the 19th century: the Stoa of Attalos (1859–1862, 1874, and ... The area of the Agora before the start of excavations in 1931, view from the west. ... Panorama of the Agora excavations, also from the west. (2002) Figure 74. Watercolor of the Agora in 1834 (Wolfensberger), view looking west. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_ten_new_tribes.html The Ten New Tribes Kleisthenes instituted a crucial reform, the reorganization of the citizenry into new administrative units called phylai (tribes). In his attempt to break up the aristocratic power structure, ... Citizenship in Athens required prior enrollment in one of the tribes, and such membership was hereditary. ... Model by Petros Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias. Athens, Agora Museum. ... By the late 5th century a long base had been set up in the Agora to display statues of all ten heroes. |
http://agathe.gr/overview/the_staff.html The Archaeologists The First Generation The Agora Excavations staff and work force, 1933. Archaeologists, staff, foremen, and workmen gathered under the Hephaisteion for a group photograph. The staff of ... The Archaeologists The First Generation The Agora Excavations staff and work force, 1933. ... The staff of the Agora Excavations, 1934. ... Margaret Crosby studying architectural fragments in the basement of the Agora museum, 1956. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_speakers.html The Speakers Litigants spoke on their own behalf, although occasionally using speeches prepared by trained professionals; skillful rhetoric was necessary in order to sway a jury. The speeches written by ... : 0.172 m. Athens, Agora Museum P 2084. ... Photograph of a reconstructed waterclock in action. Athens, Agora excavations. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/slaves_and_resident_aliens.html The Unenfranchised II - Slaves and Resident Aliens Also excluded from political participation were two other large segments of the population: slaves and metics (resident aliens). Slavery was common in ... |
http://agathe.gr/overview/the_stoa_of_attalos.html The Stoa of Attalos The Stoa of Attalos was originally built by King Attalos II of Pergamon (159–138 B.C.), as a gift to the Athenians in appreciation of the time he spent in Athens studying under the ... The Stoa of Attalos The Stoa of Attalos was originally built by King Attalos II of Pergamon (159–138 B.C.), as a gift to the Athenians in appreciation of the time he spent in Athens studying under the philosopher Karneades. ... The Stoa became the major commercial building or shopping center in the Agora and was used for centuries, from its construction in around 150 B.C. until its destruction at the hands of the Herulians in A.D. 267. ... Dedicated on the 3rd of September, 1956, the Stoa celebrates its 50th anniversary as the Agora museum in 2006. |
http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_verdict.html The Verdict After the speeches and other evidence had been presented, the members of the jury voted by casting ballots. A series of vase paintings of the early 5th century B.C. show a mythological story, ... Athnes, Agora Museum B 728, 1056. ... Most of the ballots uncovered in the Agora are of bronze, but a few are of lead. ... L.: 0.70 m. Athens, Agora excavations. |
http://agathe.gr/guide/stoa_of_attalos.html Stoa of Attalos Lining the east side of the Agora square is the Stoa of Attalos (Fig. 47), built during the reign of Attalos II of Pergamon (159–138 B.C.), who studied in Athens under the philosopher Karneades ... Stoa of Attalos Lining the east side of the Agora square is the Stoa of Attalos (Fig. 47), built during the reign of Attalos II of Pergamon (159–138 B.C.), who studied in Athens under the philosopher Karneades before becoming king. ... It was fully restored in 1953–1956 (Figs. 48, 49) to serve as the site museum (separate guide). |
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