[Agora Webpage] AgoraPicBk 4 2004: Military Service

http://agathe.gr/democracy/military_service.html

Military Service After the 18-year-old was registered in his deme as a citizen and was approved by the Council, he entered military service as a young conscript (ephebe) with other members of his tribe ... One bronze shield is inscribed: “The Athenians from the Lakedaimonians at Pylos.” ... Bronze shield captured from the Spartans at Pylos in 425/4 B.C. Punched inscription on the shield: “The Athenians from the Lacedaimonians at Pylos.”

[Agora Webpage] Birth of Democracy: The Athenian Army

http://agathe.gr/democracy/the_athenian_army.html

The Athenian Army From the very beginning, the Athenians were compelled to fight for their new democracy. Their dramatic victories over the Boiotians and Chalkidians in 506 B.C. led many to attribute Athenian ... A warrior with helmet, sword in scabbard, spear and shield (device: snake) attacks an opponent to the left (now missing). ... They went into battle protected by a helmet, breastplate, and greaves (shin guards), carrying a large round shield and long thrusting spear. ... Athens, Agora Museum IL 1575 (helmet), 1573-1574 (breastplate), 1579 (shield), and 1572, 1576-1577 (greave).

[Agora Webpage] AgoraPicBk 4 2004: Standard Weights and Measures

http://agathe.gr/democracy/standard_weights_and_measures.html

Standard Weights and Measures The Controllers of Measures (Metronomoi) have also left us many samples of their work. One set of bronze weights (34), inscribed as standard weights of the Athenians, are ... The large unit (stater), weighing nearly two pounds, is designated by a knucklebone, the quarter by a shield, and the sixth by a turtle.

[Agora Webpage] Birth of Democracy: Administration and Bureaucracy

http://agathe.gr/democracy/administration_and_bureaucracy.html

Administration and Bureaucracy The economy of Athens was supervised by numerous boards of officials in charge of the mint, the marketplace, weights and measures, and the grain and water supplies. Most ... The quarter, with a shield, weighs 190 grams.